University of Alicante

The technology developed by the researchers was conceived in response to the limitations of traditional systems. Its approach is based on IoT architectures capable of interconnecting devices of different natures through standard and open protocols, combined with cloud-based management that enables centralized permission administration and data analysis.

This results in a more flexible, secure, and cost-effective system that provides organizations with access control fully adapted to current challenges and future needs.

Fig. 1. Installed reader device

The proposed system is structured into several functional layers that operate in an integrated manner:

• IoT Device Layer. This layer includes identification and sensing equipment such as smart card readers, biometric sensors, facial and fingerprint recognition systems, as well as solutions based on NFC, RFID, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi. It also incorporates door opening and locking mechanisms designed to operate automatically according to detected credentials, with the possibility of manual intervention when required.

• Network Layer. This layer ensures communication between devices and central servers. It relies on wireless technologies and standard protocols, facilitating interoperability and eliminating the need for complex additional infrastructures. As a result, the system can connect directly to the cloud, improving efficiency and enhancing security by reducing vulnerable access points.

• Service and Application Support Layer. This layer provides generic and specific capabilities to support the execution of services and applications, such as data storage, data control, and processing capabilities.

• IoT Business Layer. This layer delivers the IoT applications that present end-user services. These include administration services that manage access permissions to different areas and control system behavior in contingency situations such as fires or evacuations, as well as monitoring services that provide configurable dashboards for visualizing recorded activity, generating historical reports, and establishing access policies based on user profiles.

The architecture foresees integration with enterprise management systems such as ERP platforms, time and attendance systems, and human resources solutions.

Fig 2. Identity Sensor Device (ID)

MAIN ADVANTAGES OF THE TECHNOLOGY

The technology offers the following advantages:

• Enables interoperability with systems and devices from different manufacturers, avoiding fragmentation and facilitating integration into existing infrastructures.

• Supports multiple identification technologies (RFID, NFC, biometrics, mobile devices) and allows new technologies to be added without modifying the architecture.

• Centralized cloud-based management updates permissions in real time, reducing the need for manual intervention at each access point.

• Equipped with backup batteries, the system continues operating for at least 15 minutes after a power outage, ensuring operational continuity.

• Its modular and open design reduces deployment and maintenance costs compared to closed proprietary solutions.

• Provides real-time access data, improving security and enabling efficient statistical analysis and audits.

• Integrates with ERP and human resources management systems, facilitating synchronization of access permissions and attendance records.

• Devices operate in sleep and low-power modes, optimizing energy consumption and extending battery life.

INNOVATIVE ASPECTS

The system combines an open and modular IoT architecture integrating motorized opening devices, local and remote control, and a local database that allows offline operation.

It supports multiple identification modes (card, tag, biometric, mobile app with PIN) and communication via RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Wi-Fi Direct, enabling interoperability with equipment from different manufacturers.

The solution includes backup batteries, time synchronization, and fault management, and allows remote updates and the integration of new technologies without reconfiguring the infrastructure.

This flexibility, enhanced security, and real-time monitoring capability clearly differentiate the technology from traditional access control systems.

The technology has been developed at the level of a functional prototype. System operability, connectivity with different devices, and the integrity of transmitted data have been evaluated.

The access control system is applicable to work environments of any type and size, regardless of the number of employees or controlled areas.

It is therefore of interest to construction and architecture companies seeking to incorporate this type of technology into their building solutions, as well as for use in companies, office buildings, commercial spaces, or public administration facilities, such as those in education, healthcare, or critical infrastructure environments.

The researchers are seeking companies interested in acquiring this technology for commercial exploitation through licensing agreements, as well as R&D project development agreements (technical cooperation) to undertake projects related to the technology.

This technology is protected through a patent application.

• Patent title: “Sistema de control de acceso”.”

• Application number: P202530602

• Application date: 27/06/2025